Should Donate A Kidney - 1643 Words

In Today’s society there is an influx of healthcare problems surrounding one specific organ known as the kidney. Specifically, one of the problems surrounding the kidney is the lack of donations received on a yearly basis by people like myself. According to McDonnell (2014) as of December 2012, â€Å"nearly 95,000 people in the United States were waiting for a kidney transplant. Unfortunately, due to a shortage in Kidney donors only a small percentage of those people actually received a kidney† (McDonnell, 2014, p. 1). Hence, the main issue however that lies within donating is the choice whether to donate or to not donate simply because it is often believed that both kidneys are needed to survive. Nevertheless, in knowing that the human body†¦show more content†¦More than likely if there’s any issues with the kidney its causes a domino effect where the kidney produces enormous issues and if those issues aren’t taken care of, one can die. A point often overlooked are the types of kidney donations which are direct donation, pair exchange donation and Good Samaritan donation. Just because one has different blood type has other person that shouldn t be the reason why you shouldn t donate. A way you could donate could be direct donor who generally knows the person who is receiving the kidney transplant. If the donor is compatible, the donor s kidney can be transplanted directly into the person who needs the kidney. However , the main issue with direct donation is that direct donors are often incompatible or poorly compatible with their intended patient which means they are not the right blood type or do not pass a cross match test with the patient. However, a donor can still help their intended patient get a transplant if they are incompatible by participating in a paired exchange. Similarly, another way one can get involved is through paired exchanged donations in which a person donates his/or hers own kidney to another patient in exchange for a compatible kidney for their loved one. For example a father and his son are incompatible along with a mother and her husband who are also incompatible. In this exchange, the father in

Hairball Essay - 1382 Words

Hairball A solitary woman sits in conversation with a benign tumour that had just recently been removed from her ovary. As the woman speaks, the inanimate tumour, which she has named Hairball, looks on from its glass encased perch atop the fireplace. The scene is macabre and certainly unusual, but such is the life of Kat, the main character in Margaret Atwood’s short story, Hairball. Kat’s life is filled with the unusual and the shocking, a lifestyle that has been self-imposed. Throughout the years, Kat, an avant garde fashion photographer, has altered her image, even her name, to suit the circumstances and the era. Over time Kat has fashioned a seemingly strong and impenetrable exterior, but as Kat’s life begins to disintegrate†¦show more content†¦Finally, when she found her way to England, she became Kat, â€Å"[the name Kat] was economical, street-feline, and pointed as a nail.† The short, hard name was a reflection of her hard demeanor. Kat constantly tried to separate herself from the commonality of her environment. When she was told that her tumor was fairly common her reply was that, â€Å"She would have preferred uniqueness.† Kat wanted to stand out; she did not want to be another â€Å"Clarissa, Meliassa or Penelope,† but she understood that conformity, to the values of her society, would be a requirement if she wanted to succeed in her personal and professional life. With this in mind, Kat chose to integrate those values into her own personal approach. She’d shaved off most of her hair, worked on the drop-dead stare, perfected a certain turn of the neck that conveyed an aloof inner authority. What you had to you had to make them believe was that you knew something they didn’t know yet. (p.17) As the conflict between Kat and her society, she finds herself losing the fight. Despite accolades she received while working on the razor’s edge, Kat’s life is less than successful. Her relationships with competitive men and left her broken and hurt. â€Å"Twice she had abortions, because the men in question were not up for the alternative† (pp.17). Kat’s choice toShow MoreRelatedWhy Cats Are Bad Pets750 Words   |  3 Pagesto let a cat lick you, knowing where their tongue has been? It’s just disgusting, filthy, and sickening. While it’s nice to not have to bath them, during each cleaning they ingest a small amount of hair and it accumulates until it grows into a wet hairball that they need to cough up on your expensive wood flooring, your new carpet, or your bed. Another nasty habit with cats is spraying. When an un-neutered male cat feels threatened, he will spray urine everywhere, as a way of marking his territoryRead MoreOrbiting the Giant Hairball by Gordon MacKenzie Essay1990 Words   |  8 PagesOrbiting the Giant Hairball by Gordon MacKenzie The book Orbiting the Giant Hairball was written by Gordon MacKenzie in 1996. Originally self-published the book became a business cult classic. Gordon was an employee of Hallmark Cards for 30 years, where heRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain930 Words   |  4 Pagesuses a hairball to supposedly tell Huck’s future. He told Huck there was â€Å"a spirit inside of it, and it knowed everything.† (p.17). At first glance it seems like Jim is very stupid to believe that a hairball really had magic powers that â€Å"knowed everything†; however, with closer inspection, we realize this is not the case. Before Jim tells Huck the future, Jim says that the hairball â€Å"wouldn’t talk without money.†(p.17). Huck tries to give Jim a counterfeit quarter, and Jim says the hairball acceptsRead MoreDo You Have A Long Haired Cat?1531 Words   |  7 Pagesthe ins and outs of common problems arising from cats shedding their hair. We will d iscuss what is normal, what is not and what you need to do to diagnose a medical condition. I will also provide you some home remedies and tips to keep those nasty hairballs at bay. Nature intended cats to be outdoor animals but we have changed the whole equation now. This creates a imbalance within the cats natural hair loss cycle. As a result indoor cats commonly shed for the entire year while outdoor cats will normallyRead MoreScorning Slavery in Mark Twain ´s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn1466 Words   |  6 Pagesconsults Jim’s ox hairball. At first the hairball doesn’t respond. Jims attributes this to that fact that â€Å" sometimes it [wont] talk without money† Jim hesitates to accept counterfeit money, but gives in. Jim proceeds to provide Huck with a vague interpretation of his future. Although it may seem humorous asking a hairball to predict one’s fortune, as its an inanimate object that came from the stomach from a cow. The hairball is not magical, but a rather disgusting object. The hairball has no powersRead MoreSupernatural Beings in Mark Twains Adventures of Huckleberry Fin527 Words   |  2 Pagesask him why old Pap is here. So what Jim does is that he finds a hairball the size of a fist that he stole from an ox’s stomach. Jim at first talks the hairball by asking â€Å"Why is Pap here?† But the hair ball obviously doesn’t speak so then what Jim does is that if he thinks that if he paid the hairball that it would talk to him and answer his questions. Huck then gave Jim a quarter and Jim slid the quarter right under the hairball, then Jim asks the same question he asked early to the hair ball andRead MoreSuperstition : Superstition And Superstition Essay1911 Words   |  8 Pagessupernatural and the world that is unknown. Superstition played an important role that took place several times in the story. A belief that killing a spider is a bad sign, touching snakeskin with bare hands can only bring bad luck, and the belief that a hairball can tell a persons future, are all examples of some of the superstitions found throughout their journey. Throughout this novel, Jim and Huckleberry Finn rely on superstition rather than the use of common sense or logical reasoning because they’dRead MoreHuck and Jim: Breaking Free on the Mississippi 927 Words   |  4 Pagesof Jim’s life, as he often enjoys sharing his folklore with others. A hairball, a practice of African origin, is Jim’s way of telling fortune. Jim put the quarter under the hair-ball, and got down and listened again. This time he said the hair-ball was all right. He said it would tell my whole fortune if I wanted it to. I says, go on. So the hair-ball talked to Jim, and Jim told it to me. (p.25). Jim’s use of his hairball shows both his superstition and tradition being used to help Huck andRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Huckleberry Finn 1319 Words   |  6 Pages† (Tw ain 2, 7) This quote shows Jim s firm belief that the supernatural exists. Several times throughout the book, Jim s belief in the supernatural is brought up again. One of those times is when Jim puts a quarter under the â€Å"magic† hairball. The magic hairball being a ball of hair that can tell the future. The same belief of the supernatural is also shown in Huck. This quote by Huck, â€Å"I got up and turned around in my tracks three times and crossed my breast every time; and then I tied up a littleRead MoreThe Lion King Movie Analysis Essay examples1331 Words   |  6 Pagesto influence Scar. Scar made it clear that he was envious of Simba’s birthright to be future king when he said: â€Å"I was first in line until that little hairball was born†8 (see Exhibit 4). With little concern for Scar’s dissatisfaction, Mufasa responded immediately in a loud, threatening tone: â€Å"That hairball is my son and your future king† 8. Scar then walked away defiantly, and Mufasa leapt in front of him, roared and reacted as though he were challenging Mufasa’s

Taxation - Theory - Practice and Law by Free Sample

Question: Describe about the taxation, theory, practice law in australia. Answer: Issue To provide advice regarding a suitable taxation of the gathered revenue to a Chilean citizen for verifying his tax residency status on a kit Rule There is an act of paying tax regarding the residential position of an assessee. This tax will be imposed on that individual based on the residential status of that person by following the section 6 (1) of ITAA, 1936 (Burnett et al., 2015). Moreover, under this act, some tax ruling are also there like TR 98/17, which on the other and comprises of four test to find the ascertain of the taxpayer (ATO, 1995). 1. Domicile Test A person has to clear their tax payment even if they are residing in some foreign countries for any reason like for studying or for some professional reason. Thus, taken for an example, for an Australian citizen, who is living in the foreign territory, a test will be performed in order to analyse or evaluate their tax residency status in their home country (Woellner et al., 2012). The residential position of an assessee is resolute for every year compared to each previous year as the taxation amount may fluctuate from previous year to previous year. Thus, it is clinched that the Australian citizen has to pay the tax under Domicile Act 1982 (Mason, 2015). Another consequence is that, if a person has a permanent citizenship of some other countries for living for a longer period, even then also they have to be considered having an Australian domicile. Gonzales and Stuart, (2014) states that the destination country is capable of tracking the individual's location compared to the current residence relying on many factors by the Tax Commissioner as per the statement stated in Taxation Ruling IT 2650. The factors are discussed below: The citizen wants to relocate in some foreign country. The citizen was associated with some activity that makes them relocate their current location. The difference between the expected and actual interval of the staying period from outside Australia The frequency of the trip to the outside territory from Australia and the waiting time interval on that state 2. Superannuation Test According to Edmonds et al., (2015) illustrate that if an individual fulfilled some conditions regarding residency taxation, that person should be liable for paying tax for their resident as an Australian tax resident and is recognised by the Tax Commissioner. These two schemes are: Commonwealth Superannuation Scheme Public Sector Superannuation Scheme Joseph et al., (2015) mention that this test encompasses by considering the instruction of the federal government of Australia for the officers who are instructed to be posted on the foreign territory. It is also evident that the concerned person stayed outside of Australia but is currently associated with these schemes. Thus, the Australian citizen, who is also the taxpayer in Australian territory, would be considered as tax resident if the person is involved either of the two schemes which are mentioned above (Feng et al., 2014). 3. Residency Test There are some factors that are responsible for the payment of tax for an individual residing in Australia. Zelinsky, (2014) depict that the prime reason of such analysis as a residence cannot explain someones decree. As a result, in context of the relevant cases according to the tax rulings some undertaken verdicts and statement are highlighted: The current location of the individual The frequency with which the concerned person visits outside Australia The primary reason and the intensity of those foreign visit either for professional or personal commitments following the legislation of the judgement of the Levene v IRC [1928] AC 217 case (Miller Oats, 2012). The time interval for the person to stay in the foreign territory A particular duration of foreign visit especially in the home country that is in Australia 4. 183-day Test Dziurdz, (2013) illustrate that in order to test the taxation amount for a person, the Tax Commissioner tests whether the person stayed in the home country for a minimum period of 183 days for a single financial year. However, it is not necessary that the person has to stay in Australia continuously for 183 days; it may be in discounted form. Application In the given case study, an Australian resident named Kit currently works in the Indonesian oil rig due to some professional commitments. The person had a permanent abode in Australian territory and signed a contract in the home country also; however, the person retains with the Chilean citizenship. Moreover, the person has some possessions in Australia like an owned house and a joint account with the spouse in Australian bank, where on every month his salary credited. The person comes back to Australia for a month every after three weeks to spend some family time or visit South America for vacations. Thus, it is apparent from the above criteria and the learned legislations for the tax payment of residents; Kit must have to undergo for domicile test. Kit has nor planning to reside outside Australia and also maintain the current bank account in the home country. All these factors ensure the eligibility of Kit to be a part of Domicile test. Furthermore, Kit possesses an Australian domicile and is an Australian permanent resident, which is the foremost substantial requirement of the domicile test (Zelinsky, 2016). Thus, both the imperative conditions concerning the Domicile test is fulfilled by Kit and hence, the person is eligible for paying the Australian tax resident following the legislation of section 6(5) of ITAA, 1997. As per the rules provided by the Australian tax law, according to Sharkey, (2015), desired tax have to be paid by Kit for ordinary income that is the salary and investment income coming from Indonesia and income coming from residential land under the provision o f ITAA. Conclusion It is concluded that Kit is worthy to pay the residence tax and considered as Australian tax resident as the person satisfy the domicile test conditions that is own a house in Australia and maintain the current bank account. Australian tax law also imposes tax coming from the investment in foreign lands. References Balachandran, B., Hanlon, D., Tu, H. C. (2013, July). Tax-induced earnings management within a dividend imputation system. In Australian Tax Forum, Forthcoming. Burnett, C., Taylor, C. J., Wong, J. (2015). Qualification of Taxable Entities and Treaty Protection: National Report for Australia. CAHIERS DE DROIT FISCAL INTERNATIONAL: STUDIES ON INTERNATIONAL FISCAL LAW, 99. Cleary, P. (2016). Poles apart: Comparative resource sector governance in Australia and Norway. Australian Journal of Political Science, 51(1), 150-162. Dharmananda, J. (2014). Outside the text: Inside the use of extrinsic materials in statutory interpretation. Fed. L. Rev., 42, 333. Dziurdz, K. (2013). Article 15 of the OECD Model: The 183-day Rule and the Meaning of Employer. Brit. Tax Rev., 58, 1. Edmonds, M., Holle, C., Hartanti, W. (2015). Alternative assets insights: Super funds-tax impediments to going global. Eklund, E. (2015). Mining in Australia: An historical survey of industrycommunity relationships. The Extractive Industries and Society, 2(1), 177-188. Feng, J., Gerrans, P., Clark, G. (2014). Understanding superannuation contribution decisions: Theory and evidence. Fleischer, V. (2015). Two and Twenty Revisited: Taxing Carried Interest as Ordinary Income Through Executive Action Instead of Legislation. Available at SSRN 2661623. Gilligan, G., Bowman, M. (2013). State Capital: Global and Australian Perspectives. Seattle UL Rev., 37, 597. Gonzales, A. R., Stuart, D. B. (2014). Two Years Later and Counting: The Implications of the Supreme Court's Taxing Power Decision on the Goals of the Affordable Care Act. J. Health Care L. Pol'y, 17, 219. Hambur, J. R., Norman, N. R. (2013). Sector-specific effects of the Australian Mining Boom: Dutch Disease or Dutch Delight?. In Proceedings of the Cambridge Business Economics Conference, Murray Edwards College, Cambridge. Joseph, S.A., Walpole, M. and Deutsch, R., 2015. Taxation of sovereign wealth funds-A suggested approach. Journal of the Australasian Tax Teachers Association, 10(1), p.119. Mason, R. (2015). Citizenship Taxation. Southern California Law Review, 89. Miller, A., Oats, L. (2012). Principles of international taxation. AC Black. Piketty, T. (2014). Capital in the 21st Century. Cambridge: Harvard Uni. Reforms, U. D. T., Kleven, H. J., Schultz, E. A. (2014). Estimating taxable income responses using Danish tax reforms. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 6(4), 271-301. Sharkey, N. (2015). Coming to Australia: Cross border and Australian income tax complexities with a focus on dual residence and DTAs and those from China, Singapore and Hong Kong-Part 1. Brief, 42(10), 10. Shaw, A. (2012). 'Tax files: Wherever I lay my hat': That's my place of domicile. Wang, Y., Ho, W. H. (2013). Tax on capital income. Wheater, J. (2012). Residence and Taxation: The Gaines Cooper Case. Bus. L. Int'l, 13, 97. Woellner, R., Barkoczy, S., Murphy, S., Evans, C., Pinto, D. (2012). Australian taxation law. CCH Australia. Zelinsky, E. A. (2014). Apportioning State Personal Income Taxes to Eliminate the Double Taxation of Dual Residents: Thoughts Provoked by the Proposed Minnesota Snowbird Tax. Florida Tax Review, 15, 533.

Motorcycles Diaries Essay Sample free essay sample

Walter Salles’ movie. The Motorcycle Diaries. concerns the picks of two South American work forces. Ernesto â€Å"Che† Guevara and Alberto Granado on a physical and interior journey through South America. They were faced with taking between assisting the people of South America and looking after themselves as they scrape by throughout their parlous expedition. for illustration ; when Ernesto and Alberto meet the adult male near the side of the lake and they inspect the ball on his cervix and Ernesto is more concerned of the wellness of the adult male whereas Alberto is more concerned with kiping someplace and tells the adult male that it is nil when it is in fact a tumor shows that Alberto was taking junior-grade things over the public assistance of the people he was run intoing and the exact antonym for Ernesto. While the way they are taking through South America is clearly a physical journey. We will write a custom essay sample on Motorcycles Diaries Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page the accent is on the interior journey. which is shown through Ernesto’s picks through the journey. switching from assisting himself to seeking to assist everyone he meets. The inclination to utilize others to acquire by suggests deficiency of readying for the length and graduated table of the journey. There is a sense of defeat and annoyance that they are non traveling every bit fast as they want to be and the many bad lucks they have throughout the journey. There is besides a sense of realization as they come to detect that they may be holding jobs with their travels but the people they are run intoing are far less fortunate than themselves and demo Ernesto and Alberto that they are confronting much smaller jobs than the people they are run intoing. How has Salles conveyed these facets of the journey? The movie begins superficially and light but as the film progresses. it’s significance deepens and reveals the issues Ernesto wants to battle – poorness. eviction and homelessness. The narrative of letters. post cards and diary entries reveals the interior ideas of Ernesto and his transmutation through his experiences as he ventures through the enormousness of South America. Ernesto’s character becomes exposed as a compassionate and low adult male who is trying to assist the continent and focuses on the people he meets while Alberto is more focussed on the finish than the journey undertaken. The usage of geographical shootings ( set uping shootings ) shows the assorted landscapes and the transition of clip through the movie. farther achieved by the usage of a tracker demoing the day of the month. metropolis presently in and kilometers travelled shows the deepness and length of the journey. The usage of black and white exposure at the beginning and terminal of the movie demonstrates the abrasiveness and the consequence of the journey on the people within the movie and provides context for the clip period. In the flood tide of the movie. Ernesto swims across the river to fall in the lazars for one last dark which symbolises up the deeper significance of the journey – Ernesto’s efforts to bridge the spread of unfairness between healthy and ill. Finally. the usage of a hand-held camera during the scene in which the mineworkers who failed to be chosen for a calling and are tracking a mountain shows the audience the position of Ernesto and Alberto as they look out of their latest hitch-hike and authenticates the unsmooth and unprofessional mode in which they are going and shows that they were non prepared for their journey despite their â€Å"10 old ages of planning. †

A Small Red Blob Growing In Size Enormous As The Days Go Bye. Out The

A small red blob growing in size enormous as the days go bye. Out the small portholes, Kate Burnsheck is captivated by the enormous size, vibrant red, so smooth it looks like velvet. Kate Burnsheck is one of the 2 crews jetted up to space before the millenium. Thier mission is to investigate Mars as thouroghly as possible. Their 2 roovers are being preeped on the 5th day of the trip. Their plan is to take some dirt samples and rock samples, by that they can tell what the basis of mars is made of, this is the 1rst mission to thouroughly check mars out.

Free Essays on Urban Decay

Urban Decay: barricading our cities, And our minds Everyone bemoans the way street crime, visible poverty, deteriorating infrastructure, decaying homes and boarded-up businesses are becoming increasingly common features of city life, but we rarely ask ourselves how this deterioration in the world around us is affecting the way we look at the world. In not asking that question, we underestimate the importance of urban decay as a problem in its own right, and the degree to which it promotes other social ills. Inner city decay is part of a dangerous and silent progression that is not being given the attention it deserves: the fragmentation of our society into potentially or actually hostile camps, barricaded off from each other. And it has the potential, in the end, to exercise an important influence on the course of national politics. In order to see why, we have to start by looking at how decay happens. It begins with an anti-urban bias, a belief, deeply-rooted in Canada and the United States, that cities are, at best, a necessary evil, and the likely scene of violence, social disorder, dirt and tension. Rural and small-town life, by contrast, is associated with cleanliness, sturdy reliability and family values. The conclusion: We may need cities for our livelihoods, but they are not good places to live. These conceptions have been promoted by a profusion of media images. Consider The Waltons, Little House on the Prairie, Anne of Green Gables, or that odious MÃ ¼slix commercial that romanticizes fruit-picking. More to the point, for the past half-century the notion that we can live better outside the inner city has been energetically and effectively advocated by a development industry that gained its foothold on wealth and power and continues to augment that wealth through suburban development. New subdivisions are sold by purveying the image of a home in quasi-rural surroundings, but conveniently located near the c... Free Essays on Urban Decay Free Essays on Urban Decay Urban Decay: barricading our cities, And our minds Everyone bemoans the way street crime, visible poverty, deteriorating infrastructure, decaying homes and boarded-up businesses are becoming increasingly common features of city life, but we rarely ask ourselves how this deterioration in the world around us is affecting the way we look at the world. In not asking that question, we underestimate the importance of urban decay as a problem in its own right, and the degree to which it promotes other social ills. Inner city decay is part of a dangerous and silent progression that is not being given the attention it deserves: the fragmentation of our society into potentially or actually hostile camps, barricaded off from each other. And it has the potential, in the end, to exercise an important influence on the course of national politics. In order to see why, we have to start by looking at how decay happens. It begins with an anti-urban bias, a belief, deeply-rooted in Canada and the United States, that cities are, at best, a necessary evil, and the likely scene of violence, social disorder, dirt and tension. Rural and small-town life, by contrast, is associated with cleanliness, sturdy reliability and family values. The conclusion: We may need cities for our livelihoods, but they are not good places to live. These conceptions have been promoted by a profusion of media images. Consider The Waltons, Little House on the Prairie, Anne of Green Gables, or that odious MÃ ¼slix commercial that romanticizes fruit-picking. More to the point, for the past half-century the notion that we can live better outside the inner city has been energetically and effectively advocated by a development industry that gained its foothold on wealth and power and continues to augment that wealth through suburban development. New subdivisions are sold by purveying the image of a home in quasi-rural surroundings, but conveniently located near the c...

The American City Business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The American City Business - Assignment Example Among the states, each has a unique legal system implemented except Louisiana that is based on English Common Law. The American population is approximately 307 million people. The population comprises of major ethnic groups coming all over the world (Chicago Business Journal 98). The foreign policy implemented in the United States in ways the country interacts with other foreign nations. Standard of interaction is set in organizations, corporations, and citizens as an individual. The United States has set goals regarding foreign policy. Such is stated in the Agenda on the Foreign policy of the US Department of State. The goals ascertain building a sustainable democracy. The prosperous life to benefit the people of America, as well as the international community. From the Foreign affairs House committee, export controls are some of the jurisdictions. Such mention the proper use of nuclear technology and measures are taken to safeguard business associated with America abroad. Agreement s on international commodity, education, and protection offered to American citizens abroad are stated on the policy. Moreover, the foreign policy faced lots of criticism both domestically and abroad as well praise in other regions. The said policy gets consent and advice of US Senate. The president has a role to negotiate treaties regarding foreign nations. Treaties are implemented upon ratification from two-thirds of the Senate. The president is the commander in chief of the United States Armed forces. He/she have authority over armed forces. However, the Congress only has the power to declare war. The foreign affairs docket is headed by United States Secretary as foreign minister. He /She has a role in conducting diplomacy. The president appoints both Secretary of the state as well as Ambassadors upon advice and consent from the Senate. Moreover, the Congress has the authority of regulating commerce with foreign countries (Chicago Business Journal 98).

Judaism and the Jews in New York Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Judaism and the Jews in New York - Term Paper Example American Jews are American citizens having Jewish faith and Jewish ethnicity and whose origin also is from other countries. A wide range of Jewish cultural traditions and a full spectrum of Jewish religious observance are apparent in the Jewish community of America. The Jews of America live overwhelmingly in the suburbs of the largest American cities. The American Jews by every measure constitute to be one of the highest socio economic groups of the United states and they share almost all the characteristics of the upper middle class urban Americans. Depending on demographic studies and religious definitions, the United States is home to the world’s second largest Jewish community. This paper in particular intends to describe Jews in New York and their religion ‘Judaism’. Who is a Jew? The Jews represent a group of people having some unique characteristics rather than a distinct race or ethnic group. Although the Jews originally came from the Middle East, many a n umber of races and people have joined together in Jewish communities over the centuries, especially after Jews were forced out of Palestine in the second century A.D. In America, they engaged in marriages with Christians and formed a mixed community. It is evidently, a common Jewish heritage that passed down from generation to generation that binds the group together. And for the Jews in New York also, the binding element is their religion. Although most often, Judaism is used as a term referring to the Jewish religion, sometimes it is used to refer to all Jews. In other words, one does not have to be religious to be Jewish. In general, one is Jewish if one is born of a Jewish mother or converted to Judaism. Unlike Christians, they are still waiting for the arrival of a Savior who would integrate all the Jews who have been scattered and gone astray. Advent of Jews to America There is no unanimous opinion among the historians as to when the first Jews came to America. Although many b elieve that Jews reached America in the ancient period either when they were attacked by aliens or when they faced persecution from the Christians, no solid evidences are available to prove this argument. As Adler and Huhner point out, still it is believed that the first Jews came to North America in 1654 and settled in the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam which was later renamed as New York. Most of those who came were refugees from Recife, a Dutch colony in Brazil. It was when the Portuguese attacked the colony the Jews left Recife and headed to Holland. But as they ran out of money they were forced to settle at the Dutch colony of North America (Adler and Huhner). The newly came people were granted permission to inhabit in the American soil and to practice their religion and customs and this marked the beginning of a new community and religion in the land of America. The migrant Jews assimilated into the culture of Native Americans in all aspects of life. In other words, they had to imbibe the basic characteristics of the American community as forming distinctiveness was not possible challenging the customs of the natives. All together, the modern Jewish culture in America embodies an international culture of secular communities of Jewish people and the indigenous practices of the natives. Jews continued migrating to America on realizing it was a secure place for them. During the middle decades of the 19th century, there were considerable

MARKETING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

MARKETING - Essay Example The consistent general theme in the advert is financial sobriety in the young generation. The most consistent features in the advert are saving, financial education, banking choices, giving to charity, financial issues and unemployment. The advert, feed the pig, is related with the leading article. The advert encourages saving among the young generation whereas the article talks about financial issues. There is no competition for this advertisement simply because the advertisement is a government initiative. The advert is for the American young adults who are subject to financial crippling and unemployment. The advert categorically asks the reader to teach about money and encourage teens and young adults to start saving from the little they have in piggy banks or financial institutions (ADWEEK Web). This is a good investment in that ADWEEK being a national magazine covering all issues including those relating to the teens it will thus provide a basic avenue for the advert to reach the young adults and guardians. In conclusion, I find this advert very positive to the financial aspects of the young people and the entire economy. The government initiative has placed this advertisement in the right place and therefore a worthwhile endeavor. ADWEEK â€Å"CBS’. â€Å"Moonves Eyes $4 Million Super Bowl Spot Bullish network boss sees record rates for NFL gem† Web, 16 February 2012.

Impact of Saving Rate on Economic Growth

Impact of Saving Rate on Economic Growth NURU ABUBAKAR INTRODUCTION Saving rate is the amount of money, expressed as a percentage or ratio which one deducts from his/her disposable personal income to set aside for retirement or for investment in the money or the capital market in instruments like bonds treasury bills, shares etc. Savings rate can also refers to the percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) that is saved by households in a country (Ewa and Agu 2005). This indicates the financial state and growth of the country because households’ savings constitute the major source of government borrowing to finance public projects and also provides funds for private investments. It is an obvious fact that income is received as wages or salaries, rents, interests or profits by owners of factors of production. With the received income households buy the consumer goods they need. Not all personal income available to the individual or family, or the household is for personal use. The government takes a sizable amount in the form of personal incom e taxes. After these taxes are paid, what is left with the individual is disposable income (Ogunbitan 2010). Disposable income is used to pay for consumer goods and services, to pay interest on debts and for savings. Disposable income is an important concept because the income enables the consumer to decide how much to spend on current goods and services and how much to save. Savings is therefore that part of disposable income that is not spend on current consumption of goods and services but reserved for future use. Economic growth on the other hand is the process by which there is a sustained rise in real per capita income or output of goods and services over a given period of time (Ewa and Agu 2005). A positive relationship exists between savings rate and economic growth because when savings rate is high banks have more capital to lend for capital investments to both private investors and the government (Tawiah 2006). When savings rate is increased, economic growth certainly will increase because more capital is available to investors at reduced interest rates leading to increases investment in the capital stock. This study therefore focuses on exploring how savings rate impact economic growth THE IMPACT OF SAVING RATE ON ECONOMIC GROWTH Savings implies refraining from consumption. A consumer’s disposable income is either consumed or saved. The rate at which different consumers consume and save part of their disposable income apparently differs (Bleaney, Gemmell and Kneller 2001). This implies that different consumers have distinct average propensity to consume (APC) and average propensity to save (APS). These averages explain how much a consumer consumes and saves at a particular level of income. Similarly, there is marginal propensity to consume (MPC) and marginal propensity to save (MPS). The marginal propensity to save represents the fractional part of an increase in income that is saved. Aggregate saving assembles idle funds from surplus units to deficit units in the economy facilitating investment both by the private and public sector (Ogunbitan 2010). When aggregate savings improves, financial institutions are in position of funds to borrow their customers and government alike. The rate of interest actu ally determines investment in a country. The lower the interest rate charged by banks, the better investors are attracted to borrow for investment (Buscemi and Yallwe 2012). Income earned is either consumed or saved, that is, Y = C + S where Y represents income, C, consumption and S, savings. From the above linear function, saving means income less consumption, that is, S = Y – C. Savings therefore is affected by active spending decisions. There are basically three types of savings, namely; personal saving, business saving and government saving Personal savings is influenced by the following factors; Size of income: as income increases all things being equal, savings also increase Rate of interest: a higher rate of interest may attract more people to save and vice versa Government policy: the government can influence the level of savings in different ways such as attractive rate of interest policy and income tax relief or tax holidays or tax concessions (Ogunbitan 2010). Sense of responsibility: people with careful spending habits save even when the income is low compared to extravagant people who don’t even save at higher income levels. Political situation: a country with a stable political climate encourages citizens as well as foreign investors to save and invest which results into economic growth. The second form is business saving and is affected by the following: Profits: to encourage and affect savings, profit is necessary. The higher the profit the greater the inclination to save. Also, when profit is attractive directors of companies keep aside part of the profit to plough back into the business for growth and expansion (Bleaney, Gemmell and Kneller 2001). Anticipated rise in prices: when business units anticipates rise in price level, they increase their quantum of savings through investment goods to reap later the anticipated rise in price (Tawiah 2006) Government policy: an increase tax on company’s profit will reduce tax and vice versa The third form of savings is government saving. Government saving is achieved chiefly through a budget surplus. This may be secured by increasing revenue through additional taxation or by reducing current government expenditure. Apart from a budget surplus, saving can occur in other forms, such as when national insurance and pension contributions exceed current payments (Tawiah 2006). Reasons for saving; individuals may choose to save for some of the following reasons To provide for old age or for future expenditure To guard against a rainy day or unforeseen circumstances To leave an estate for immediate children or grand children Sometimes people save to become wealthy and raise their status in the society. Relationship between savings and investment In a frugal or savings economy, part of the earned income is consumed and part is saved. Let’s assume the following; That household spend only part of their income and save the rest There are some firms which produce consumer goods and some which produce investment (that is, producer or capital goods), and That all savings is undertaken by firms It is also important to explain withdrawals and injection. Savings and investment are examples of two other general categories of expenditure called withdrawals and injections respectively. An injection is an addition to the income of a domestic firm that does not arise from the spending of households or an addition to the income of domestic households that does not arise from the spending of the firms (Ewa and Agu 2005). A withdrawal on the other hand is any income that is not passed on in the circular flow of income and expenditure. Having established that part of aggregate personal incomes (that is, the national income) will be spent on consumer goods and part will be saved, it then follows that: National Income = Amount spend on consumer goods + Amount saved, that is, symbolically, Y = C + S †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..1 S = Y – C†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.2 Where Y = Income C = Consumption and S = Savings Considering national income as the value of the volume of the goods and services produced in which we have two parts, namely: consumers’ goods (C) and producers goods (investment), the following equation could be deduced National income = amount of consumer goods produced + amount of producer goods produced Since the production of investment good is an investment, the following equation could be obtained Y = C + I †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.1 I = Y – C †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.2 We can now deduce that since equation 2 above is stated that Y – C = S and where Y = income, C = Consumption and S = saving Equation 4 states that Y – C = I. similarly Y = Income, C = consumption and I = Investment equations 2 and 4 gives the equality of saving and investment. Algebraically, Y – C = S established from 2 above and Y – C = I recall, 4 above, then it implies that S = I†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.1 Since Y = C + S recall equation 1 above and Y = C + I recall equation 3 above, that is C + S = C + I†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..2 Hence, S = I From the above analysis, it can be concluded that the equilibrium level of national income is determined when savings equals investment. It follows therefore that changes in either savings or investment will bring about changes in the national income. For instance, when savings exceeds investment income will fall but when investment exceeds savings, income will rise. This is because more saving but less investment will mean less employment of factors leading to lower total output and hence lower national income. On the contrary, more investment but less savings, will mean employment of more factors leading to greater total output and, hence, a higher national income. There is stability, that is, balance or equilibrium in the level of national income only when saving is equal to investment. Economic growth implies more output per head as a result of more input and more efficiency. The output per head determines the standard of living in a country. Countries worldwide get preoccupied with horrendous efforts directed towards raising the rate of economic growth. This is the desire of the peoples in different countries to raise the level of their well-being. Economic growth is influenced by different factors which include; the skills and efforts of the labor force, the rate of investment, and the type of investment which is induced by appropriate level of savings, technological progress, availability and extent of the exploitation of natural resources, the persisting climate in the trade relationship with other countries, the extent of specialization, social and religious organization as in the qualities of the people’s character, government policy etc. Conclusion It is established from the above analysis the equality of aggregate savings to aggregate investment, and can be deduced that when savings rate is high in the economy, banks have more capital to lend for capital investment, which in turn promotes the volume of goods and services produced in the economy. That is, when savings rate increases, economic growth would certainly increase because more capital is available at reduced interest rate. This will also lead to increased investment in capital stock. It then implies that savings is a veritable tool that promotes investment in any given country. When investment is improved, there is increase in the volume of goods and services produced, stimulated by the savings rate which in turn leads to higher gross national income figures. This figures when measured leads to higher income per head and increased real income of the citizens. When government policies favor both households and firms who are the major agent of production, it leads to higher rate of savings and higher rate of savings provides funds available to prospective investors who borrow from either the financial institutions or from the money market on short term basis and from the capital market on long term basis. The improvement in the level of economic activities continues with additional savings as a result of improvement in the various sectors of the economy and eventually economic development is attained which is the goal and pursuit of all economies. It is therefore not out of place to conclude that savings rate in an economy can boost economic growth. Government should always ensure that monetary policies like attractive rate of interest on savings, bank rate, liquidity ratio etc. and fiscal policies like tax rebate, tax concessions and tax holidays are favorable at all times for the firms and household who are the major agent of production p rocess in the economy to continue to accumulate loanable funds by banks to accelerate investments. The rate of savings in an economy is a determinant of economic growth. Works Cited Bleaney, M, N Gemmell, and R. Kneller. Testing the endogenous growth model: public expenditure, taxation and growth over the long-run. Canadian Journal of Economics, 2001: 36-57. Buscemi, Antonino, and Alem Hagos Yallwe. Fiscal Deficit, National Saving and Sustainability of Economic Growth in Emerging Economies: A Dynamic GMM Panel Data Approach. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 2012: 126-140. Ewa, U, and G. A. Agu. New System Economics for A’level. Africana First Publishers Limited, 2005: 180-181. Ogunbitan, O. Easy to Understand Economics. Rasmed Publication Limited, 2010. Tawiah, P. Basic Economics for West Africa. Idodo Umeh Publishers Ltd., 2006.

The Carb-Cutting Atkins Diet Essay -- Health Nutrition Diet Exercise E

The Carb-Cutting Atkins Diet America is getting fatter. Recent statistics have shown large leaps in percentage the overweight in our country. As the obesity epidemic continues to grow, companies and nutritionists around the country work at a fanatical pace to develop new techniques which they claim can help prevent the emergence of an overweight America. Often, these techniques include diets – ranging from the highly sensible to the highly controversial. One such meal plan, which has recently been in the center stage of the media, is the carb-cutting Atkins Diet. Started in 1972 by the late Dr. Atkins, the diet of his namesake has had books, TV programs and even energy bars dedicated to it. One of these bars, the Atkins Advantage ® claims to be able to help with weight loss by lowering sugar levels in the blood, which in turn will aid in fat burning. One important question remains though: Is this claim supported? However, before answering this problem, we must first understand how the diet in question works.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While many diets attempt to limit the number of calories consumed per meal, the Atkins diet instead tries to lower the carbohydrate content of these meals. The reasoning comes from the theory that carbohydrates - complex sugars found in bread and starchy foods, will lead to an increase in levels of another chemical, insulin. Insulin is a chemical that regulates several important factors in the human body, including that of weight and hunger. Nutritionists supporting the Atkins plan believe that high levels of insulin in the bloodstream actually slow down the body’s process of burning fat, known as lypolysis. In addition, Atkins supporters claim that because of the che... ...   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Despite the recent success and initial positive results of the Atkins diet, the bar does not seem to share the same qualities. Unfortunately for its creators, the Atkins Advantage ® bar contradicts the entire framework and basis of the Atkins Diet. While the goal of the energy bar was to reduce insulin levels, laboratory tests have suggested otherwise. Such would almost completely impair any benefits to the body from a low blood sugar level. It is quite possible that the excess insulin would store what little blood sugar there was in the body, and make consumers hungrier, faster. It appears that while many aspects of the Atkins diet do work on the premise of lowering blood insulin levels, the energy bar fails miserably. More tests would need to be performed, however, before a truly clear view of this bar and its effects can be formed.

Case Study: Osteoarthritis with a Total Knee Arthroplasty Essay

DN is a 68 year old Caucasian male who lives in Pomona, Missouri. On September 14, 2009, DN underwent a scheduled left total knee arthroplasty at Baxter County Regional Medical Center. A consultation appointment about a total knee arthroplasty was scheduled when DN had increasing pain in his knees while doing chores and working on his dairy farm. The increasing pain DN was having been due to a history of osteoarthritis and the wear-and-tear on his joints throughout his life, no specific injury was noted. Depending on the outcome of the left knee, DN was consulted on having his right knee done in the future due to his active lifestyle as a dairy farmer. DN is presently in very good health despite his pain from osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is caused from wear and tear on the joints. The bones between a joint is cushioned by cartilage which after many years of use decreases. When the bones no longer have the cushion, pain and stiffness develops when the bones rub together (Total Knee Replacement, 2009). His health history includes overcoming prostate cancer approximately six years ago. After a prostatectomy to remove his cancer, DN continues to experience erectile dysfunction even after seeing many specialists and trying many treatment options. In 1999, DN had his appendix removed at Ozark Medical Center. DN has a herniorrhaphy and cataract surgery prior to this hospitalization. DN has no known allergies to drugs, food, or environmental allergens. The patient lives at home with his wife on a dairy farm. He handles about 170 head of dairy cattle that are milked twice a day. He retired from Howell-Oregon County Electrical approximately five years ago to help manage his farm on a full time basis. DN and his wife raised three children and have several grandchildren who come and visit frequently. DN does not have any significant history of nicotine, alcohol, or drug use. His diet has consisted of fresh fruits and vegetables from the garden throughout his life. These factors have all played a part in helping DN stay healthy without any underlying chronic disease processe s. Physical Assessment My physical assessment was performed on September 16, 2009. DN’s vital signs consisted of an apical pulse of 98, a respiration rate of 20, a temperature of 99.1 degrees Fahrenheit, an oxygen saturation of 96%, a lying blood pressure of 117/78, a sitting blood pressure of 116/75, and a standing blood pressure of 116/74. Patient was alert and oriented to person, place, time, and situation. Patient was able to spell WORLD forward and backwards. PERLA and noted cardinal field of gaze were intact. Eyes were clear with conjunctiva pink and no discharge noted. Patient’s head and face was symmetrical with no apparent skin breakdown. Patient had dentures intact in mouth with healthy, pink gums with no lesions present inside the mouth. Thorax was symmetrical with no signs of pulsations or lesions. Breath sounds clear in all lobes. Unlabored breaths. Heart sounds S1, S2 were heard upon auscultation in all four cardiac areas with normal rhythm. Abdomen is soft, symmetrical with hyp oactive bowel sounds present in all four quadrants. Last bowel movement was on Sunday, September 13. Patient was passing flatus. No masses, distention, or lesions noted on the abdomen. No tenderness was noted in the abdomen. No edema was noted in the upper or lower extremities. Upper and lower extremities had no sign of lesions or discoloration. Saline locked on left forearm was intact with no redness or swelling. Surgical incision on lower left extremity had scant amounts of serosanguineous drainage, wound edges were well-approximated, slight erythemateous around incision, no odor present, and dressing was dry and intact. Pulses were strong and equal bilaterally- including carotid, brachial, radial, femoral, popliteal, dorsalis pedis, and posterior tibialis. Skin was warm and pink with no signs of cyanosis, rash, or skin breakdown. Gait was symmetrical and coordinated when using a walker, without the supportive device there is some unsteadiness due to the left total knee arthroplasty. There was no hearing deficit noted with normal conversation. Patient only had complaints of pain at surgical site after ambula tion, physical therapy or the CPM. Patient was taught he could ask for the pain medicine prior to these events to hopefully avoid intense pain. Current Medications Throughout DN’s hospital stay he was prescribed medicine to alleviate the pain caused from the total knee arthroplasty, help prevent any infection that had potential to be a problem, and prevent any complications. DN’s urrent medications while in the hospital were as follows: 1.) Docusate-Senna (Trade Name: Peri-Colace) 1 tablet by mouth, twice a day; used for softening and passage of stool for the relief of constipation caused by post operative anesthesia and decreased activity (Deglin & Vallerand, 2007). 2.) Enoxaparin (Trade Name: Lovenox) 40 mg by subcutaneous injection, once every morning; used for the prevention of thrombosis formation (Deglin & Vallerand, 2007). 3.) Psyllium (Trade Name: Metamucil) 1 tablespoon by mouth, twice a day; used for relief and prevention of constipation (Deglin & Vallerand, 2007). 4.) Acetaminophen-Oxycodone (Trade Name: Percocet 5/325) 1-2 tablets by mouth, every four hours; used for decreasing pain as well as decreasing a temperature (Deglin & Vallerand, 2007). 5.) Magnesium Hydroxide (Trade Name: Milk of Magnesia) 30 mL by mouth as needed; used for replacement in a deficient state or evacuation of the colon (Deglin & Vallerand, 2007). 6.) Morphine (Trade Name: Astramorph) 8 mg by intravenous piggyback, every three hours as needed; used for a decrease in the severity of pain (Deglin & Vallerand, 2007). 7.) Promethazine (Trade Name: Phenergan) 12.5 mg by intravenous piggyback, every four hours as needed; used for diminishing nausea and vomiting, as well as provide some sedation (Deglin & Vallerand, 2007). Diagnostic Tests DN had diagnostic tests prior to being admitted to the hospital for his total knee arthroplasty to determine the best treatment option for his osteoarthritis. After his surgery, more diagnostic tests were done to monitor for complications of the procedure. The results were compared to normal and were as follows for the patient: 1.) White Blood Cells (Normal Value: 5,000-10,000/mm3) Patient’s white blood cell count was 12,800/mm3, which is a high value. This value indicates the stress on the body and inflammation around the knee involved after the operation. The value is also a possible indicator of infection, which would require continued monitoring (Pagana & Pagana, 2006). 2.) Red Blood Cell Count (Normal Value: 4.7-6.1Ãâ€"106/ µl) Patient’s red blood cell count was 3.74Ãâ€"106/ µl, which is a low value. This value indicates the blood lost during surgery, which is a common finding after an invasive surgery. A decreased level may indicate a hemorrhage, overhydration, or a dietary deficiency, which may need to be corrected (Pagana & Pagana, 2006). 3.) Hemoglobin (Normal Value: 14-18 g/dL) Patient’s hemoglobin was 11.8 g/dL, which is a low value. This value is a common finding after surgery due to the blood loss, but the value may also indicate anemia or nutritional deficiency (Pagana & Pagana, 2006). 4.) Hematocrit (Normal Value: 42-52%) Patient’s hematocrit was 34.4%, which is a low value. This is a normal finding after surgery, but may indicate anemia, malnutrition, or a dietary deficiency that may need to be corrected (Pagana & Pagana, 2006). 5.) Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (Normal Value: 27-31 pg) Patient’s mean corpuscular hemoglobin was 31.8 pg, which is just slightly elevated. This value could possibly indicate a macrocytic anemia, but is not elevated enough to be a significant concern (Pagana & Pagana, 2006). Basic Conditioning Factors and Power Components Dorthea Orem identifies ten basic conditioning factors that identify the patient and help assess the need for care in her Self-Care Deficit Theory of Nursing. The basic conditioning factors identified by Orem consist of age, gender, Erikson’s developmental state, health state, sociocultural orientation, health care system factors, family system factors, patterns of living, environmental factors, and availability of resources (Caton, 2008). DN is a 68 year old Caucasian male who lives in Pomona, Missouri where he and his wife own a house. DN grew up in Dora, Missouri where he graduated high school, then relocated to Pomona at the age of nineteen. DN has three grown children and several grandchildren. DN’s family remains very close and visit often to where DN lives. DN quit his job at Howell-Oregon Electric in 1980 to become a full time farmer. DN and his wife own approximately 300 acres to operate a dairy and beef cattle farm with 170 head of cattle. They milk the cows twice a day keeping them very active throughout the day. DN considers himself to be in the middle-class economically, but with the unpredictable cattle market economic status can change throughout the year. DN has Medicare as primary insurance with supplements. Before his admission to the hospital, DN’s health state was good. DN’s health care system factors consist of a medical diagnosis of osteoarthritis. The treatment of choice for DN was a left total knee replacement. After discharge, home health will help organize physical therapy closer to home. DN does not have any underlying diseases, such as hypertension or diabetes, which can cause complications or alter the ability of DN to have a speedy recovery. He has a primary physician in Willow Springs for yearly check-ups and minor problems. DN’s patterns of living include hunting and fishing, going to church, and taking care of the farm. DN does not smoke or drink alcohol. According to Erikson, he is in a developmental stage of ego integrity versus despair (Berman et al., 2007). DN belongs in this psychosocial developmental stage because he is at a stage where he is content with his life and satisfied with everything that has happened in his life thus far. He is able to reflect on his past without regret. DN feels as if he has lived a life full of happiness. Orem identifies ten power components that are important in evaluating how much nursing care is needed by the patient. The ten power components consist of attention span and vigilance, control of physical energy, control of body movements, ability to reason, motivation for action, decision making skills, knowledge, repertoire of skills, ability to order self-care actions, and ability to integrate self-care actions into patterns of living (Caton, 2008). DN’s attention span ad vigilance is a strength because throughout the physical assessment and health history, he remained very attentive and honest when answering the questions. His control of physical energy is a potential weakness due to the fatigue DN could experience after his knee replacement. After surgery, becoming fatigued is easier due to the pain and inability to get a good night’s rest in the hospital. DN seemed to know his limits with what kind of physical energy he had to use throughout his stay. The patient’s control of body movements is a strength. Even though DN is recovering from a total knee replacement, he maintains good control over his movements. He also has a steady gait when walking with a supportive device. The patient’s ability to reason is a strength. When he needed help, he knew to ask his wife, a nurse, or an aide for help. He understood that Home Health would be a benefit once he was discharged from the hospital. Motivation for action is definitely a strength. DN was very motivated to get back on his feet as soon as he could. He knew physical therapy was what would help the most so he was always ready to go when physical therapy came to take him to the Joint Club. After returning after a trip to physical therapy, the patient stated, â€Å"The physical therapist said I did better than all of the other patients with knee replacements.† The patient’s decision making skills were strength because he took all options into consideration prior to getting his knee replacement. He knew it would be the best option with the active lifestyle that he has. Knowledge was a potential deficit for the patient because he had never had a knee replacement surgery before. The patient was informed of all the procedures, hospital stay, and expected outcomes during consultation appointments, but all the information at once can be overwhelming for the patient. Even after the surgery, the patient still questioned the health care team members throughout the hospital stay to refresh his memory. Repertoire of skills is a strength because the patient has a high school education, as well as the same occupation throughout his life. He is able to retain information and repeat skills if needed. DN’s ability to order self-care actions is a strength because he is able to decide what actions are most important and follow through with them. He decided to have his knee surgery to benefit his lifestyle and made it a priority to get it done as soon as he could. The ability to integrate self-care actions into his patterns of living is a strength for DN. He integrates a healthy diet and active lifestyle to prevent complications of his osteoarthritis. After trying minor treatment options to control pain and discomfort from the osteoarthritis, DN opted for surgical treatment and he realizes the physical therapy he will have to integrate into his lifestyle for full recovery. Universal Self-Care Requisites Orem’s General Theory of Nursing involves self-care, self-care deficit, and nursing systems. Orem’s definition of self-care is what people plan and do on their own behalf to maintain life, health, and wellness. The nursing systems that Orem identifies are wholly compensatory, partly compensatory, and supportive-educative. The universal self-care requisites that patient may be deficient, potentially deficient, or a strength in consists of air, water, food, elimination, activity and rest, solitude and social interaction, prevention of hazards to human life, and normalcy (Berman et al., 2007). Air: Potential Deficit Air is a potential deficit for this patient. Upon assessment, his respiratory rate was within normal range at 20 breaths per minute. Normal respirations for the age group of the client range from fifteen to twenty per minute (Berman et al., 2007). The patient has a stable respiration rate between this level, but with decrease red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit the patient’s oxygen level may increase to compensate for the lack of cells that can carry the oxygen, especially during physical therapy. DN’s lung sounds when auscultated were clear in all lobes, bilaterally. A critical side effect of morphine, one of the medications DN was taking while in the hospital, is respiratory depression, which can happen in a matter of minutes causing a deficit (Deglin & Vallerand, 2007). Water: Strength Water is a strength for DN. No edema was noted upon assessment. Good skin turgor was indicative that there was adequate hydration for the patient. DN’s average intake was 2000 mL of fluids, usually water and ice tea. This was within normal range with the requirements being set at a minimum of 1500 mL of fluids daily (Berman et al., 2007). Food: Strength Food is a strength for the patient. The patient was on a regular diet and had no trouble eating. On some occasions, his wife brought meals to the patient. DN consumes a healthy diet, full of fruits and vegetables from his own garden when home. Protein consumed in his diet usually consists of very lean beef from home grown cattle. DN consumed enough calories to aid in recovery of his surgery. Elimination: Deficit Elimination is a problem for the patient. He has not had a bowel movement since the day before he had the surgery. DN had an epidural anesthesia until the first day post-op and is taking narcotic analgesics for pain control, which both contributed to the impaired elimination. The side effects from the medication cause the intestines to decrease peristalsis. Monitoring bowel functions, as well as administer the stool softeners and laxatives that are ordered, are two important nursing interventions (Lemone & Burke, 2008). Activity and Rest: Deficit The patient had a deficit in both activity and rest. The patient stated he was not getting adequate rest in the hospital due to the different environment and the pain he was experiencing from his surgery. In the hospital, the patient was also put on activity restrictions due to his total knee arthroplasty. He was able to go to physical therapy three times a day, but normal activities were limited for DN. At home DN does not have activity or rest deficit, he participates in an active lifestyle with lots of walking and daily physical labor. He also gets approximately 7 or 8 hours of sleep a night which is adequate for a man his age (Berman et al., 2007). Solitude and Social Interaction: Potential Deficit The patient did not have a deficit with social interaction. His wife was in the room majority of the time and he also had many people drop in and see him throughout his hospital stay. DN also interacted with people on the health care team, whether it was the nurses or physical therapists, he was always having a conversation with someone. Due the many visitors and activities DN had during the day, solitude was a potential deficit. The physical therapists and nurses that came in the room consistently make it difficult for the patient to get any time to rest and relax by himself. Adequate rest is easier to obtain when there are no interruptions in the rest period and some solitude is allowed. Hazard Prevention: Deficit Hazard prevention is a deficit for DN. The total knee arthroplasty causes the patient to be at an increased risk for infection due to all the invasive procedures done. Prophylactic antibiotics were being considered to help prevent any infection that may develop. The patient is also at risk for falls. The intravenous line and pole make it difficult for the patient to ambulate on his own while dealing with his surgery. The medications DN were taking could cause confusion, dizziness, and sedation which could lead to a fall. The patient is also at risk for a deep vein thrombus due to the surgery, which could be a fatal complication if not prevented. Compression stockings and devices were used to decrease the chance of venous stasis. Promotion of Normality: Deficit Promotion of normality is a deficit for the patient. He has only been hospitalized two other times in his life and feels uncomfortable. Since DN is not used to being in the hospital, he is hesitant to ask for pain medication until the pain is already present. Teaching DN to ask for the pain medicine prior to activities and when he recognizes the pain coming back. DN’s normal routine at home will be changed to accommodate for the knee surgery he underwent. He will have to adjust to the limitations on his activities until he is fully recovered. For example, he will have to depend on his wife and other family members to help milk the cows and take care of the farm until he has full range of movement so he does not damage his newly replaced knee. Developmental Self-Care Requisites Developmental self-care requisites are associated with conditions that result in maturation (Berman et al., 2007). DN has lived a long, productive life and many life changing events have occurred throughout his life. He graduated high school and worked multiple jobs which gave him the experience he needed to now be a self-employed farmer. He and his wife raised a family with three children, and now have several grandchildren. All of these different aspects in DN life have helped DN mature, which puts him in a developmental stage of ego integrity versus despair. According to Erikson, people in this stage should have acceptance of their life and self-worth (Berman et al., 2007). DN seems very satisfied with everything that has happened in his life. He is able to reminisce about the things that have happened in his life with a smile. He does not have any regrets about his life. At this point in DN’s life, he is always thinking of others and enjoying the small things in life. Even though DN is in this developmental stage, he has not fully completed this stage. DN is in a position where he still works and provides for his family. He is not ready to leave his family at this point in his life. Health Deviation Self-Care Requisites According to Orem, there are six health deviation self-care requisites. The health care deviation self-care requisites consist of seeking and securing medical help when needed, responsibly attending to the effects and results of pathologic conditions, effectively carrying out prescribed interventions, responsibly attending to the regulation of effects resulting from prescribed interventions, accepting the fact that sometimes self or others need medical help when faced with certain life challenges, and learning to live productively with the effects of pathologic conditions and treatments while promoting continued personal development (Caton, 2007). The patient is strong in seeking and securing medical help when needed. As soon as the patient realized his pain was increasing in his knee, he scheduled an appointment with his family doctor who referred him to Dr. Know the orthopedic surgeon. The patient is also responsible in attending to the effects and results of pathologic conditions. The patient is aware of the physical therapy regime he needs to complete for full recovery, as well as the preventive measures he needs to take to protect his right knee. The third health deviation self-care requisite is to effectively carry out prescribed interventions, which is a strength for the patient. DN realizes he will continue with physical therapy after discharge on the hospital and will be on a few prescription medications. Other interventions, such as wearing TED hoses, limiting activities, and allowing home health to help with his care, will all be followed by the patient. The fourth health deviation self-care requisite is to responsibly attend to the regulation of effects resulting from prescribed interventions is a potential deficit. Even though the patient stated he will do the interventions asked of him, the task of depending on others for help may be difficult. As a farmer, it is difficult to let someone else do the chores the patient is usually doing on a daily basis. The fifth health deviation self-care requisite is accepting the fact that sometimes self or others need medical help when faced with certain life challenges. This health deviation self-care requisite is a strength for the patient. When DN realized his knee was not functioning at the level he needed it too, he sought help from professionals after trying alternative treatments. When DN had his prostate removed due to prostate cancer, he also pursued help from many specialists to deal with the many complications a prostatectomy can cause. The sixth health deviation self-care requisite is learning to live productively with the effects of pathologic conditions and treatments while promoting continued personal development. This is a strength for the DN because he looks forward to having better function in his knee to live a more productive life. The chores he does on the farm were becoming difficult with the increasing pain in his knee prior to the surgery. The patient now talks enthusiastically about getting back out on the farm to do the things he loves to do. Nursing Diagnosis I. Nursing Diagnosis #1: Acute Pain related to tissue trauma caused by surgery and intense physical therapy regime as evidenced by patient verbalizing his pain an 8 on a 1-10 scale. a. Expected Outcome: Patient verbalizes relief of pain as less than a 3 on a 1-10 scale at least thirty minutes after administration of pain medication. i. Intervention #1: Assess the patient’s description of pain and effectiveness of pain-relieving interventions. 1. Rationale: Assessing pain description leads to the best interventions to control the pain, as well as assess for any complications with a different pain description. Every patient has a right to effective pain relief (Gulanick & Vallerand, 2007). ii. Intervention #2: Instruct the patient to request pain medication before the pain becomes severe. 2. Rationale: Relief will take longer if the patient waits until the pain is too severe (Gulanick & Vallerand, 2007). The best pain control is proactive, not reactive. iii. Intervention #3: Administer narcotic analgesics as ordered by the doctor. 3. Rationale: With all of the tissue damage done during surgery, the nurse should assume the patient is in pain and needs analgesics (Gulanick & Vallerand, 2007). a. Implementation/Evaluation: Nurse assessed the patient’s description of pain to adequately treat the pain symptoms. Nurse taught the patient the request the pain medication at the onset of pain to reduce the amount of time it takes to start working. The goal was met because the patient verbalized his pain less than a 3 on a 1-10 scale within 30 minutes of administration of pain medication. b. Expected Outcome: Patient appears comfortable as evidenced by absence of facial grimacing and use of stress management techniques between doses of pain medication and throughout hospital stay. iv. Intervention #1: Nurse will teach patient to use guided imagery and progressive relaxation. 4. Rationale : Use of guided imagery and progressive relaxation will distract patient from the pain he is experiencing (Gulanick & Vallerand, 2007). v. Intervention #2: Nurse will teach patient to change position frequently. 5. Rationale: Changing positions (within limits) will relieve pressure and pain on bony prominences, reduce muscle spasm, and undue tension (Gulanick & Vallerand, 2007). vi. Intervention #3: Nurse will apply ice packs as ordered. 6. Rationale: Applying ice packs may decrease edema and enhance comfort (Gulanick & Vallerand, 2007). b. Implementation/Evaluation: Nurse taught the patient different comfort measure to relieve pain in between doses of pain medication. Using repositioning and relaxation measures helped the patient stay comfortable between doses of pain medication. The goal was met. II. Nursing Diagnosis #2: Impaired physical mobility related to pain after surgical procedure as evidenced by limited ability to ambulate. c. Expected Outcome: Patient will maintain optimal mobility within limitations throughout hospital stay. vii. Intervention #1: Assess postoperative range of motion in affected and unaffected joints. 7. Rationale: Assessment of range of motion will give a baseline to see if the patient is improving. Range of motion exercises are important to strengthen affected joint (within limitations) and unaffected joints need to maintain current mobility in periods of decreased activity because joints with arthritis lose function more rapidly (Gulanick & Vallerand, 2007). viii. Intervention #2: Nurse will assist patient to ambulate with less assistance as tolerated. 8. Rationale: This will allow for patient to become more independent before discharge (Gulanick & Vallerand, 2007). ix. Intervention #3: Nurse will encourage the patient to move from the bed to the chair as tolerated, as well as ambulate in the room three times a day. 9. Progress will be monitored toward normal activities patient will do once discharged from the hospital (Gulanick & Vallerand, 2007). c. Implementation/Evaluation: Nurse assessed postoperative range of motion to have a baseline of function. Improvement was noted th roughout shift that the patient was able to move more independently. d. Expected Outcome: Patient participates in rehabilitation program throughout hospital stay. x. Intervention #1: Assess the patient’s fear or anxiety in ambulating and going to physical therapy. 10. Rationale: If the patient’s fear and anxiety is too great, the patient may not get the full benefit of physical therapy and is at a greater risk for falls or other injuries (Gulanick & Vallerand, 2007). xi. Intervention #2: Nurse will encourage use of supportive walking devices, such as a walker. 11. Rationale: Use of a walker will help the patient feel more independent and encouraged to go to physical therapy as ordered. More weight bearing will progress throughout the use of walker (Gulanick & Vallerand, 2007). xii. Intervention #3: Nurse will reinforce instructions for rehabilitative activities as ordered. 12. Rationale: Reinforcing instructions will help the patient achieve mobility throughout the hospital stay and adhere to the physical therapy program (Gulanick & Vallerand, 2007). d. Implementation/Evaluation: The patient was enthusiastic about physical therapy and gaining full mobility of affected leg. He participated in the rehabilitation program and was able to go home on schedule, so the goal was met. III. Nursing Diagnosis #3: Self-care deficit related to impaired mobility as evidenced by inability to perform activities of daily living, such as dressing, bathing, and ambulate independently. e. Expected Outcome #1: Patient will safely perform all self-care activities of daily living independently before discharge. xiii. Intervention #1: Nurse will assess the patient’s ability to perform activities of daily living. 13. Rationale: This will provide a baseline to know where the priority deficits in the patient’s performance of ADLs and help nurse assist with the patient’s needs (Gulanick & Vallerand, 2007). xiv. Intervention #2: Assist the patient in accepting help from others. 14. Rationale: The patient may need to realize after a total knee replacement, some assistance may be needed and dependence on people or supportive devices may be necessary temporarily (Gulanick & Vallerand, 2007). xv. Intervention #3: Nurse will implement measures to facilitate independen ce, but be available to help patient when needed. 15. Rationale: Giving the patient independence will help encourage patient to attempt ADLs on his own, but with assistance when needed will prevent falls or other injuries (Gulanick & Vallerand, 2007). e. Implementation/Evaluation: Nurse assessed the patient’s ability to perform activities of daily living and realized where the patient needed assistance. Patient was encouraged to do ADLs on his own, but to recognize and ask for help if he needed it. Patient was able to ambulate on his own the bathroom, perform most activities independently, but required some help from his wife by discharge. This goal was met because the patient realized when he needed help and performed all ADLs safely by discharge. f. Expected Outcome #2: Resources are identified that are useful in optimizing the autonomy and independence of the patient by discharge from the hospital. xvi. Intervention #1: Nurse will assess what assistance will be needed when the patient is discharged. 16. Rationale: This will be helpful to the patient and other caregivers to recognize deficits until they are overcome (Gulanick & Vallerand, 2007). xvii. Intervention #2: Nurse will encourage patient to use assistive devices until no longer needed, and reassure patient that use of them can prevent falls and injuries. 17. Rationale: This allows patient to know total independence is not expected just because the patient is being discharged (Gulanick & Vallerand, 2007). xviii. Intervention #3: Nurse will help the patient set short term goals to becoming more independent. 18. Rationale: Setting short term goals will decrease the frustration the patient may have in not being able to do activities he could do before surgery (Gulanick & Vallerand, 2007). f. Implementation/Evaluation: Nurse assessed what assistance may be needed to help with activities of daily living. Patient used assistive devices and help from others when he recognized he could not do them independently. Short term goals were set and patient was able to be discharged with a walker and home health services. This expected outcome was met. IV. Nursing Diagnosis #4: Risk for ineffective tissue perfusion related to surgical procedure and impaired physical mobility. g. Expected Outcome: Patient maintains adequate tissue perfusion and remains free from deep vein thrombosis, as evidenced by warm extremities, good capillary refill, bilaterally equal pulses, negative Homan’s sign, and stable vital signs. xix. Intervention #1: Assess neurovascular status of affected limb preoperatively and postoperatively, as well as assess for signs and symptoms of deep vein thrombosis. 19. Rationale: Preoperatively a baseline should be established and assessing for changes postoperatively will be indication of a problem. Signs and symptoms could be an early indication of a blood clot which leads to early intervention (Gulanick & Vallerand, 2007). xx. Intervention #2: Nurse will assist patient in using thromboembolic disease support hoses and sequential compression devices as prescribed. 20. Antiembolic devices, such as TED hose and SC Ds, increase venous blood flow to the heart and decrease venous stasis, which could prevent a blood clot (Gulanick & Vallerand, 2007). xxi. Intervention #3: Nurse will administer thrombolytic and anticoagulant agents as ordered. 21. Rationale: Prophylactic anticoagulants will reduce the risk of deep vein thrombosis and thrombolytic drugs may decrease the complications if a blood clot does develop (Gulanick & Vallerand, 2007). g. Implementation/Evaluation: Patient was assessed preoperatively and postoperatively for neurovascular status. Patient was monitored closely for any signs of ineffective tissue perfusion. Nurse encouraged use of antiembolic devices and patient adhered to regimen. The goal was met because ineffective tissue perfusion was not a problem and not deep vein thrombosis developed. V. Nursing Diagnosis #5: Deficient knowledge related to a new procedure and unfamiliar with the discharge plan as evidenced by patient questioning health care team members about the process. h. Expected Outcome: Patient verbalizes understanding of procedure and discharge instructions. xxii. Intervention #1: Assess the patient’s current understanding of process in hospital and discharge instructions. 22. This will allow the nurse the individualize the teaching plan for the patient and teach only what the patient does not understand (Gulanick & Vallerand, 2007). xxiii. Intervention #2: Nurse will review total knee arthroplasty precautions according to what the patient does not already know, for example, using the walker, maintain proper body weight, and when to notify the physician. 23. Rationale: Reviewing the information will reinforce adherence to the rehabilitation program (Gulanick & Vallerand, 2007). xxiv. Intervention #3: Nurse will explain the discharge follow up instructions, and reinforce the need to continue with home health for physical therapy. 24. Rationale: Home health and physical therapy will increase the patient’s strength to have a full recovery. When the patient understands the process, he will be more motivated to continue with the program (Gulanick & Vallerand, 2007). h. Implementation/Evaluation: This goal was met. The patient had a full understanding of the limitations of a knee arthroplasty, in the hospital and after discharge. He understood the follow-up appointments and how home health would assist in his recovery. VI. Nursing Diagnosis #6: Constipation related to inactivity and medication use as evidenced by patient having frequent but nonproductive desire to defecate. VII. Nursing Diagnosis #7: Risk for infection related to invasive procedure. VIII. Nursing Diagnosis #8: Risk for falls related to unsteady gait and pain in left leg. References Berman, A., Snyder, S., Kozier, B., & Erb, G. (2007). Fundamentals of nursing: Concepts, process, and practice (8th ed.). Upper Saddle Road, NJ: Pearson. Caton, B. (2007). Orem’s self care requistes. Handout for NUR100 Fundamentals of Nursing. Missouri State University-West Plains, Fall 2007. Deglin, J.H., & Vallerand, A.H. (2007). Davis’s drug guide for nurses (10th ed.). Philadelphia: F.A. Davis. Gulanick, M., & Myers, J.L. (2007). Nursing care plans: Nursing diagnosis and intervention. St. Louis: MO: Elsevier. LeMone, P., & Burke, K.M. (2004). Medical-surgical nursing: Critical thinking in client care (3rd Ed.). Upper Saddle Road, NJ: Pearson. Pagana, K.D., & Pagana, T.J. (2006). Mosby’s manual of diagnostic and laboratory tests (3rd ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby. Total Knee Replacement (2009). American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Retrieved October 19, 2009, from http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00389.

Free Essays on Tintern Abbey

worth continues to reference green imagery and depicts the once untouched land that has been ruined. His glorific... Free Essays on Tintern Abbey Free Essays on Tintern Abbey During the French Revolution, Tintern Abbey became an important site of poetic inspiration as well as spiritual refuge for William Wordsworth who was shocked and saddened by the violent devastation caused by the war. Wordsworth, an enthusiastic supporter of the revolution, was pained to see the ruined Abbey, overgrown and neglected by the industrial revolution. When he wrote â€Å"Lines Written a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey†, Wordsworth does not depict the Abbey in its state at 1798, but rather recalls a more scenic and peaceful time when the Abbey was in its prime (Peters 1). This idealized former Abbey becomes the site of confrontation and reconciliation with dramatic realizations, as Wordsworth tries to assess the five years that have passed since his last visit. Wordsworth knows that the Abbey has changed along with himself, and wrote this poem to come to terms with the loss that he must deal with. As a whole, â€Å"Lines Written a Few Lines above Tintern A† is a poem attesting to the loss of innocence caused by war, and time (Peters 1). Wordsworth uses words such as â€Å"green’, and â€Å"dwell† to bring about his grief, and explores death and divinity in an attempt to pacify his uneasy mind (Peters 1). Although Wordsworth remembers and depicts the Abbey as a beautiful and joyful place, the poem remains a warning to youth about industry and globalization and what it can do to the beauty of life. The initial emphasis is of this poem is placed upon the landscape of the former Tintern Abbey which is called forth from Wordsworth’s memory. In describing the lush, beautiful setting, Wordsworth paints a vivid picture of a serene paradise of greenery as far as the eye can see. In the context of loss, the word â€Å"green† takes on a far deeper meaning, and becomes synonymous with the innocence of youth. Wordsworth continues to reference green imagery and depicts the once untouched land that has been ruined. His glorific... Free Essays on Tintern Abbey Analysis of â€Å"Tintern Abbey† Whereas most individuals tend to see nature as a playhouse that should alter and self-destruct to their every need, William Wordsworth had a very different view. Wordsworth perceived nature as a sanctuary where his views of life, love, and his creator were eventually altered forever. The intensity of Wordsworth’s passion for nature elevated him from a boy into the inspiring man and poet in which he is recognized to be today. One of the most compelling works Wordsworth ever devised was that of â€Å" Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey.† The poem enlightens the reader on the awesome power and depth of nature, which Wordsworth has discovered in his trials and tribulations upon the earth. Thus, to full understand the significance of nature in all lives told through â€Å" Lines Composed A few Miles Above Tintern Abbey† one must understand the setting and mood, as well as comprehend the rhyme scheme, and use of many diverse poetic devices that interact wit hin the poem the poem. One is able to gain insight into â€Å"Lines Composed a Few Lines Above Tintern Abbey† by first trying to understand the mood and setting of the poem. Although it â€Å"is a miniature of the long poem Wordsworth never quite wrote† (Robyn Young p.409) it lacked nothing as far as depth and intensity goes. Wordsworth was very skilled in such areas, although his writing may be come very complex it is said that it was a result of â€Å"the spontaneous overflow of emotion† (Gale Net). Wordsworth wrote this poem, as cited by Wordsworth without â€Å" any part of it was written down till I reached Bristol† (F.W. Bateson p.191). Wordsworth was a firm believer that man should â€Å"find an immanent force that unites them with their physical and spiritual environments† (Jan Shoemaker p.1). As Wordsworth revisits this beloved place of his (Tintern Abbey) he is reminded of how he once perceived this sanctuary. Wordsworth attempts to compare...

Free Essays on Hackers, Good And Evil

â€Å"Governments form the industrial world; I come from cyberspace, the new home of mind. On behalf of the future, I ask you of the past to leave us alone. You are not welcome here. You have no sovereignty where we gather. You do not know us, nor do you know our world. Cyberspace does not lie within your borders, your legal concepts of property, expression, identity, movement and context do not obey to us. They are all base on matter and there is no matter here.† John Perry Barlow - Electronic Frontier Foundation Cyberspace Declaration of Independence Hackers, Good and Evil A war is being fought in the Internet twenty-four hours a day. A team of defenders spread throughout the world, are ready to stop and neutralize every attack. It is the Global Thread Operation Center where all attacks are being monitored; any of which could be the signal for a stronger hit that could generate absolute chaos. The room looks like a set from a futuristic movie. Four huge screens in the front of the room display the process data that is taking place. Several rows of desks and panels fill the room. More than twenty people are moving around, answering and making phone calls, talking to each other, and examining computer screens. They are ready, and waiting. Suddenly, everyone’s attention is focused on a specific screen, where a problem has been detected. One of the major highways of Internet traffic has slowed down considerably due to an assumed hacker assault. What is scary about this attack is that it seems to be moving through the time zones towards the Americas, most likely the United States. So far, it has in some way affected every major network attached to one of the pipelines. If the attack effectively reaches the U.S., it could negatively affect hundreds of companies, businesses, the stock market and millions of people; this would cause a devastating strike on the infrastructure of the Internet itself. The head leader of the team makes... Free Essays on Hackers, Good And Evil Free Essays on Hackers, Good And Evil â€Å"Governments form the industrial world; I come from cyberspace, the new home of mind. On behalf of the future, I ask you of the past to leave us alone. You are not welcome here. You have no sovereignty where we gather. You do not know us, nor do you know our world. Cyberspace does not lie within your borders, your legal concepts of property, expression, identity, movement and context do not obey to us. They are all base on matter and there is no matter here.† John Perry Barlow - Electronic Frontier Foundation Cyberspace Declaration of Independence Hackers, Good and Evil A war is being fought in the Internet twenty-four hours a day. A team of defenders spread throughout the world, are ready to stop and neutralize every attack. It is the Global Thread Operation Center where all attacks are being monitored; any of which could be the signal for a stronger hit that could generate absolute chaos. The room looks like a set from a futuristic movie. Four huge screens in the front of the room display the process data that is taking place. Several rows of desks and panels fill the room. More than twenty people are moving around, answering and making phone calls, talking to each other, and examining computer screens. They are ready, and waiting. Suddenly, everyone’s attention is focused on a specific screen, where a problem has been detected. One of the major highways of Internet traffic has slowed down considerably due to an assumed hacker assault. What is scary about this attack is that it seems to be moving through the time zones towards the Americas, most likely the United States. So far, it has in some way affected every major network attached to one of the pipelines. If the attack effectively reaches the U.S., it could negatively affect hundreds of companies, businesses, the stock market and millions of people; this would cause a devastating strike on the infrastructure of the Internet itself. The head leader of the team makes...

Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Communication - Essay Example Time of communication is also a very important factor. Distortion of facts and information can be a huge deterrent to effective communication. Eye contact, gestures, movement, posture, and written communication all comprise effective non verbal communication. Good eye contact helps credibility of the message. People rely on visual clues to help them decide on whether to attend to a message or not. If they find that someone isnt looking at them when they are being spoken to, they feel uneasy. This can be achieved by slowly scanning the entire audience, focusing on particular areas of the audience and looking at individual members of the audience for about five seconds per person. Breaking eye-to-eye contact down to four or five second chunks often aids effective communication. Most of people when talking, use hands and face to help describe an event or object—powerful nonverbal aids. It should be ensured that any movement made is meaningful. Body posture also aids or mars communication. A strong, upright, positive body posture not only helps breathing easier (good for helping to calm nerves!) but also transmits a message of authority, confidence, trust and power. One can achieve great body posture but without internal mental and emotional posture the words will sound hollow to your audience. Nowadays email has become an effective way of communicating but one has to remember certain unwritten rules. Emails without subjects or irrelevant subjects seem to be about nothing and will naturally hamper communication without even beginning it. Incorrect grammar and spellings will also severely hamper communication since people will question the caliber of the communicator. E-mail makes everything easier and faster including making a powerful business impression and establishing positive professional

The Marginal Productivity Theory of Distribution Term Paper

The Marginal Productivity Theory of Distribution - Term Paper Example As such, each factor of production can be paid based on what it contributes to the production of the output. This paper argues that the marginal productivity theory of distribution is valid, and, on certain highly limited assumptions, bears relevance to micro-economic problems such decisions of individual firms with regard to employment of factors of production. Marginal productivity theory of distribution presented a unified inter linkage between the pricing of commodities and the â€Å"pricing of persons† by indicating that the returns to all factors of production, are grounded in a single, marginal productivity principle. However, from the start, it was apparent that the marginal productivity theory could not stand by itself and only represented a derivative section of the theory of value. Three core properties of marginal productivity theory make this apparent: (1) the theory is essentially a theory of the demand for factors rather than their supply; (2) it adopts prices o f products as derived in the determination of demand for factors; (3) the theory cannot be applied to the determination of values within an exchange economy (Rima, 2001). ... the previous political economy with a novel science of economics or a discipline that employed rigorous methods mimicking those of the physical sciences (Fetter & Rothbard, 2007). Since its inception in the early 19th century, the marginal productivity theory of distribution (MPTD) has been cited by some economists as the solution to the ethical problem of distributive justice (as a means of determining fairness in wages, interest, profits, and rent). Other economists have rebuffed this ethical claim but have perceived the MPTD as a valid demand-side criterion, which forms the basis of determining equilibrium and efficiency (Blaug, 1996). Some of the pioneers of the theory such as John Bates and Philip Henry Wicksteed argued that a business enterprise would be prepared to remunerate a productive agent only that which it adds to the firm’s utility. Clark sought to establish that each unit of labour and capital can be settled based on the value that it adds to the total product or its marginal productivity (Wicksteed & Robbins, 1935). Clark maintained that, although, all tasks within an enterprise vary in significance the remaining work can be reassigned to ensure that all essential tasks would be undertaken; hence, no single unit of labour can be considered to be more critical than the other (Stigler, 1994). Clark’s marginal productivity theory can be considered to be a rebuttal to Marx’s assertion that competitive capitalism methodically robs workers their labour since the workers contributes more to the total product relative to the wages that they receive. According to Clark, the payment to capital can be established based on its marginal productivity, and that there cannot be a â€Å"surplus value† expropriated from the labour as Marx had claimed (Blaug, 1996).